The Control of Women in Early Modern Europe Essay -- female rights in

Do you believe in equal rights for women? During the sixteenth and seventeenth century, the rights of women were restricted when compared to the rights of men. Many of these rights were ground upon the social and married status of the adult fe male, but regardless of her status, she had less rights than her husband. As I will argue in this paper, men controlled women and limited their rights with regard to guardianship, serving as a witness, and owning property. Women were viewed as inferior to men and often considered unable to make intellectual decisions. As Professor Byars stated in class, women at this time had illegitimate king rather than legitimate power. Anything they received, they received from someone or something else. Women only obtained wealth or power in a manner deemed appropriate by men. Women confront restrictions and lack of personal control their entire life and were under the authority of men.Men didnt believe women could manage their personal affairs. Once a womans husband passed away, she was considered unable to manage her own life and was assigned a guardian to oversee her various affairs by a council or court system. This acting guardian was also assigned to her children and would oversee the affairs of the children until they turned legal age. Since the woman lost control of her children, it was the guardian who made decisions based upon what he thought was best for her children. The father of her deceased husband often had more to say about the childrens future than the baffle. The only time the mother had full control of her children were if the children were illegitimate (Weisner 231). Guardianship was also another way for cities to control the inheritance of the widow. As Merry Weisner stated in her essa... ...erty was left to male heirs. Man was considered the head of the household and the master of women. It was the belief that by strengthening the power of the husband, you strengthen the power of the family (Scchneider 235 ). It is clear equal rights for men and women did not come in until well after the sixteenth and seventh centuries in early modern Europe. Women were under the control of men. Works CitedSchneider, Zoe. Women Before the Bench Female Litigants in beforehand(predicate) Modern Normandy. Early Modern Europe Issues and Interpretations. Eds. James B. Collins and Karen L. Taylor. Malden, MA Blackwell Publishing. 2006. 241-257. Weisner, Merry. Political, Economic, and Legal Structures. Early Modern Europe Issues and Interpretations. Eds. James B. Collins and Karen L. Taylor. Malden, MA Blackwell Publishing. 2006. 222-240.

Slavery in Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

The conquest to destroy slavery played an important role in the ontogenesis of our country and made an impact in many lives. It brought about new ideas in art, music, literature and gave insight to a novel written by class Twain. Twain contributed an aspect of his perspective on slavery and racism and incorporated it into a novel named Huckleberry Finn.Slavery in Huckleberry FinnThis novel was written during a reconstructive memory period in our country in which the slaves had already been freed by the emancipation proclamation. However, the blacks were struggling for equality and their acceptance as free individuals, They were not taken badly and were still segregated from the whites. Although they were free, the south still had a negative view upon the black population and maintained their hatred towards them. Twain wrote this book in the common sense of being in the past and showing how the blacks were treated throughout slavery.Twain utilized his knowledge of the past and crea ted a novel based upon a tomboy boy and an escaping slave. Huckleberry Finn (the boy) and Jim (the slave) both escaped from society and traveled amuck down the river. Symbolically, they were both dependant on each other and they developed a fussy bond which aided them on their journey. Twain takes advantage of their separation from society and relays to the reader how the characters viewed their diversity. The two individuals become very close to each other stock-still though they realized they were comprised of a different race. However, the thought of taking the role of a white man and turning Jim into custody crossed Huckleberry?s sagacity sporadically. Thus, Twain showed that he had assumed the role of the stereotypical white individual, and broke their bond of trust.Developing upon this his of the turmoil between the two, Twain shows us a critical bit about himself as a writer. He shows the reader that he?s an individual who displays diversity as a complexity and something that isn?

Stock Price Valuation and Beta Calculation Essay -- Finance

There are many choices in the market for the investors to puzzle more money and income with the capital that they able to invest. These tools are categorized into many different types of market such as equity market, bond market, and mortgage market, check to their characteristics. The markets are well-growing and establishing all around world due to the peoples awareness of investment, the globalization, the governments policies, and the change of technology. Equity market is one of the well performing markets. The companies parent fund from the public by listing themselves in the stock exchanges. Such objective can be done by distributing the common stock, preferred stock, and translatable securities. The voting rights, priority claim, ownership, and types of compensation are determined by their characteristics. The investors will purchase the stocks based on their requirements and preferences. Two types of market are found in the stock markets, which are the primary and secon dary market. The primary market enables the companies to gather the funds directly from the investors when the secondary market provides the liquidity to the shares by enabling the investors to hand among themselves.Stock price valuationIn Malaysia, the only stock exchange is the Bursa Malaysia. The Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI), also known as the FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI, is the main stock index. The basketball hoop consists of the 30 largest market capitalization companies in Malaysia (The Edge Malaysia, 2009). 70 % of the market capitalization for the local bourse is made up by these 30 companies (The Edge Malaysia, 2009). Its military operation will signal the investors about the market condition in Malaysia. Next, Genting Berhad (GENTING, 3182) is ... ...sdate=2012-03-29&lang=Bloomberg.(n.d.). Genting Bhd. Retrieved April 5, 2012 fromhttp//www.bloomberg.com/quote/GENTMKBursa Malaysia. (n.d.). FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI. Retrieved April 5, 2012 fromhttp//www.bursamalays ia.com/website/bm/market_information/fbm_klci.htmlGenting Berhad. (n.d.). Annual report. Retrieved April 5, 2012 from http//www.genting.com/annualreports/gb/2010/gb2010_02_11.pdfGenting Berhad. (n.d.). Group profile. Retrieved April 5, 2012 fromhttp//www.genting.com/groupprofile/gent.htmPalm anoint traders await price forecasts seen as bullish. The Star Online. Retrieved April 5, 2012 fromhttp//biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/3/5/business/20120305141244&sec=businessYahoo.(n.d.), FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI (KLSE). Retrieved April 5, 2012 fromhttp//finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=%5EKLSE&a=01&b=17&c=2012&d=02&e=29&f=2012&g=d

How Private Must an Objectionably Private Language Be? :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

How Private Must an Objectionably Private Language Be?ABSTRACT whatsoever philosophers, taking their cue from Philosophical Investigations (PI) 243-315, suppose that a clandestine language is objectionable only when its terms refer to Cartesian mental events. Others (notably Kripke) break rivet on PI 201 and the surrounding remarks about rule following, and have explicated the notion of an objectionable private language as (roughly) that of a language apply by just one isolated individual unsupported at any time by any source of external or connection subject field and approval. I attempt to defend Kripkes account against some objections proffered by Simon Blackburn. Blackburn supposes that individuals are no worse off than communities with respect to the difficulties raised by Kripke, and argues that the paradox of PI 201 can be avoided by a proper understanding of extended dispositions, and by grasping the possibility of private practices. But Blackburn misconstrues what it is to go on in the same way in following a rule, and ignores the place of constitutive rules in practices.Some philosophers, taking their cue from Philosophical Investigations (PI) 243 - 315, suppose that a private language is objectionable only when its terms refer to Cartesian mental events. In this strong sense private languages are very private indeed. Others (notably Kripke, 1982) have focused on PI 201 and the surrounding remarks about rule following, and have explicated the notion of an objectionably private language as (roughly) that of a language used by just one isolated individual unsupported at any time by any source of external or community correction and approval. I think of this as a weaker sense of private language.In sec. 1 I attempt to defend the Kripke - Wittgenstein (henceforth KW) version of the private language rail line against some objections proffered by Simon Blackburn. KW takes languages which are private in the weaker sense to be objectionable, and clai ms that the later discussion (PI 243 - 315) deals with a special case falling under the more general discussion of rule following in earlier sections. In section II I briefly consider some workable objections from Wittgenstein himself to my defense of Kripke.IThis was our paradox no course of action could be determined by a rule, because every course of action can be made out to accord with the rule(PI 201). According to KW the reason any course of action could accord with the rule is that there is no concomitant about an individual to which he can point in justifying going on one way (in the application of a word, continuation of a modus operandi series, etc.

Do We Care? :: New Criticism Literature Essays

Do We Care? Many different forms of critical theory focus on the school text, the circumstances surrounding the text, or the author, without acknowledging the subjective nature of lit. naked Criticism proclaims that the essential components of any work of literature, whether lyric, narrative, or dramatic, are conceived to be words, images, and symbols, rather than character, thought, and plot (Abrams 246). New Historicism is grounded on the concepts that history itself is not a decline of fixed, objective facts, but, like the literature with which it interacts, a text which needs to be interpreted (249). Psychological criticism deals with a work of literature primarily as an expression, in fictional form, of the state of mind and the structure of personality of the individual author (263). In these forms of critical theory, the response of the reader is less important than the author, the text, and near(prenominal) symbolism might be found in the text. While ignoring the imp ortance of reader-response may be justified in academia, it also holds true that without the reader, the need for literature would not exist.What specific properties lend value to literature? Though style and structure are important components and should not be completely disregarded, the meaning of the text is dependent upon the individual reader, and as such, is highly subjective. In her essay, Contingencies of Value, Barbara Herrnstein Smith states, the value of a work that is, its effectiveness in performing desired/able functions for some set of subjects is not independent of authorial design, labor, and skill . . . that what may be spoken of as the properties of the work its structure, features, qualities, and of course, its meaning are not fixed, given, or inwrought in the work itself but are at every channelize the variable products of some subjects interaction with it (Richter 148). This brings up an interesting point if the readers interaction with the text proves to be less than what the reader expected or wanted, does it negate the value of the text as literature? And does the educational and cultural background of the reader have any kind of effect on this process? Smith believes it does. . . there are many people in the world who are not or are not yet, or choose not to be among the orthodoxly educated population of the West people who do not encounter Western classics at all or who encounter them under cultural and institutional conditions very different from those of American and European college professors and their students.

Do We Care? :: New Criticism Literature Essays

Do We Care? Many different forms of critical theory focus on the text, the circumstances surrounding the text, or the author, without acknowledging the subjective nature of publications. New Criticism proclaims that the essential components of any work of literature, whether lyric, narrative, or dramatic, are conceived to be words, images, and symbols, rather than character, thought, and plot (Abrams 246). New Historicism is grounded on the concepts that history itself is not a set of fixed, objective facts, but, like the literature with which it interacts, a text which quests to be interpreted (249). Psychological criticism deals with a work of literature earlier as an expression, in fictional form, of the state of mind and the structure of personality of the individual author (263). In these forms of critical theory, the response of the reader is less of import than the author, the text, and whatever symbolism might be found in the text. While ignoring the importance of re ader-response may be justified in academia, it also holds true that without the reader, the need for literature would not exist.What specific properties lend value to literature? Though style and structure are important components and should not be completely disregarded, the nitty-gritty of the text is dependent upon the individual reader, and as such, is highly subjective. In her essay, Contingencies of Value, Barbara Herrnstein Smith states, the value of a work that is, its effectiveness in performing desired/ fit functions for some set of subjects is not independent of authorial design, labor, and skill . . . that what may be spoken of as the properties of the work its structure, features, qualities, and of course, its meaning are not fixed, given, or inherent in the work itself but are at every point the variable products of some subjects interaction with it (Richter 148). This brings up an fire point if the readers interaction with the text proves to be less than what th e reader expected or wanted, does it negate the value of the text as literature? And does the educational and cultural background of the reader have any kind of effect on this process? Smith believes it does. . . there are many tribe in the world who are not or are not yet, or choose not to be among the orthodoxly educated population of the West quite a little who do not encounter Western classics at all or who encounter them under cultural and institutional conditions very different from those of American and European college professors and their students.

School: Law and Renewable Energy Technologies

SUGGESTED ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY THESIS STATEMENTS POWER AND THE INDIVIDUAL/ companionship 1- Same sex marriages should be legalized. 2- Same sex marriages should not be legalized. 3- The production and sale of cigargonttes should be illegal. 4- The production and sale of cigarettes should not be illegal. 5- armament service should be compulsory. 6- Military service should not be compulsory. POWER AND NATIONS 1- Religion is the main cause of wars. 2- Religion does not cause wars. 3- Turkey should ostracize trade with China. 4- Turkey should not ban trade with China. The most powerful nation on Earth is __________. POWER AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 1- childs play should be legalized. 2- Gambling should not be legalized. 3- Juvenile offenders should be tried and punished as adults. 4- Juvenile offenders should not be tried and punished as adults. 5- Law enforcement cameras are an invasion of privacy. 6- Law enforcement cameras are not an invasion of privacy. 7- Convicted sex offenders should be exposed. 8- Convicted sex offenders should not be exposed. 9- Sex offenders should be castrated. 10- Sex offenders should not be castrated. 1- Intellectual property should be protected under the law. 12- Intellectual property should not be protected under the law. 13- Current intellectual property rights laws negatively impact the development of new technologies. POWER AND THE MEDIA 1- The Turkish media is biased. 2- The Turkish media is not biased. 3- File sharing programs should be prohibited. 4- File sharing programs should not be banned. 5- social networking sites are a threat to personal privacy. 6- Social networking sites are not a threat to personal privacy. 7- The governance should censor Internet content that is deemed inappropriate. The government should not censor Internet content. 9- Advertisements are informative. 10- Advertisements are manipulative. 11- Censorship is a threat to democracy. 12- Censorship is a must. POWER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1- cycle should be m andatory. 2- Recycling should not be mandatory. 3- Governments should mandate the shift to biofuels. 4- Governments should not mandate the shift to biofuels. 5- Pesticides should be used in agriculture. 6- Pesticides should not be used in agriculture. 7- Governments should actualise sustainable agriculture. Governments should not support sustainable agriculture. 9- Renewable energy technologies (wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, and solar power) should be stimulated by governments. 10- Renewable energy technologies (wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, and solar power) should not be stimulated by governments. POWER AND EDUCATION 1- Creationism/ evolution should be taught in schools. 2- Creationism/evolution should not be taught in schools. 3- spiritual breeding should be mandatory. 4- Religious education should be optional. 5- Foreign language instruction should begin in kindergarten. Foreign language instruction should not begin in kindergarten. 7- Sex education shoul d be included in the secondary education curriculum. 8- Sex education should not be included in the secondary education curriculum. 9- Homeschooling is a fall in option to public schools. 10- Public schools are a better option to homeschooling. 11- School uniforms should be mandatory. 12- School uniforms should not be mandatory. The following topics are banned nuclear power plants globalization global warming animal testing death penalty euthanasia internet addiction genetically modified organisms pic

Child Abuse And Abandonment

Unfortunately, it is occurring more and more in todays society that these defenseless churlren are being robbed of their petty(a) fryhood innocence and gladness and are being forced to face the cruel reality of our reality at far too young an age. These Children are victims of command and take in fun, primarily caused by family members or spate they are close to. Child neglect is the near common form of villainy, and is in that locationfore the main subject that will be cover in this essay.This disturbing and extremely common, yet rarely talked about topic effects at least one out of every 10 children infra the age of 14 in Canada alone. Child abuse and neglect are one of the largest problems occurring in society, and in order for the situation to improve, we postulate to stop ignoring the circumstance that it is a daily reality, and become better educated on the topic and how to pr character it. After all, the children of today are the future of tomorrow, and they des erve to start their live ons border by love, and free from fear and pain.Mevery children these days take the love, support, and presence of their parents for granted, often starting arguments over unimportant things and getting upset when things do not go their way. Sadly, what they do not realize is that a large number of children do not get to know what a parents presence feels like, permit alone having their constant love and support. Millions of children around the world suffer from abuse and neglect, and wake up every morning fearful of what the day will hold.There is no exact definition that holds enough value to be able to describe the fear and pain that these young children go through from each one day, but by law, child abuse has been defined as an act, or failure to act, on the part of the parent or condole withtaker that results in the death, serious physical or ablaze harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation of a child, or which places the child in an imminent risk of s erious harm. There are four kinds of child abuse physical, sexual, emotional and neglect. All kinds of abuse are illegal in Canada and the United States.Although each type f child abuse is of great importance, neglect is the most common form of child mistreatment in Canada (accounting for 62% of all reported abuse cases), and can cause damage even more trying than that of any other form of abuse. Neglect is when the caregiver does not provide necessary attention to the childs safety, physical, emotional or psychological needs. In severe cases, neglect can lead to abandonment, which is when a parent relinquishes permanent rights and claims to a child outside legal adoption.Child abandonment is a severe problem, accounting for well-nigh half (43.3%) of all fatal child abuse cases. In Canada, there are over 15, 980 neglected children, and that number is only a rough estimate, because the volume of neglect cases are left unreported. The children that are more at risk of becoming vict ims are disabled children, who are twice as likely, and aboriginal children, who make up the majority of child abuse and neglect victims in Canada. Many parents or caregivers who neglect and abandon their children do so because they suffer from depression, lack of initiative, futility, a low level of education, a poor socioeconomic status, unemployment, substance abuse or social isolation.Other factors that could lead to neglect and abandonment can include that the child was the outcome of sexual assault or incest, or is perceived by the caregiver as an obstacle to personal achievements. If a child suffers from neglect, signs of the abuse whitethorn include severe need of medical or dental care, frequent school absences, stealing food, begging for money, dressing inappropriately for the weather, not answering questions at once about his parents or caregivers, and drastic changes in personality and appearance. If a child is reported as being neglected or abused, Childrens Aid hoste l (CAS) goes to inspect the home.If the accusations prove true, the child is indeed taken from the parent or caregiver (either temporarily or permanently, depending on the severity of the abuse), and is places either in the custody of another relative, or in foster care. The sentence of the caregiver depends on how severe the abuse or neglect is, and can vary from having to pay a fine, to losing custody of the child, to being imprisoned. As Canadian citizens and members of our community, it is our duty to protect the children by reporting any signs of abuse or neglect to the authorities.Unfortunately, not many citizenry do so, and by consequence, the young children have no voice, and are forced to continue suffering in silence. One may not think that child abuse and neglect has much of an impact for the population, but in reality, it largely affects many aspects of todays and tomorrows- society. Economically, child abuse is very costly. one time a child had been taken out of the custody of his or her parents, they are often taken to hospitals where their medical needs are taken care of, and then placed into foster homes.The treatmentand trips to the hospital quickly become very costly, and the foster care alone costs the country over $6 one million million million a year. Also, each abandoned child could cost the government over $3,000 a day. Although the money is going towards the great cause of providing abused and abandoned children with a better life, it is a completely avoidable matter that is costing extreme amounts of money. Also, there has been a dramatic increase in child abuse and neglect since 1991, and the numbers are still growing. If this trend continues, there will be more children who are abused than those who are not.What this will mean for society is high taxes, and adults who have more issues and lower skill levels. The effects of abuse and neglect on children are that they have poor social skills and lower education levels, a higher r ate of mental and physical disabilities, delinquency, violence, drug abuse and depression. In addition, abused or neglected children have a higher tendency to abuse and neglect their own children later in life. This means that a large portion of our world will be governed by physically and emotionally damaged adults, who may do the same to their own children.This will result in many socioeconomic problems for our future. As was said before, the children today are the future of tomorrow, and if we extremity a good future for our world, we need to treat the children properly and give them the knowledge and love they deserve to become well-rounded adults. Countless administrations around the world work to improve the issue of child abuse, neglect and abandonment, as it is an increasingly important problem in our society. However, I have only selected one organization to write about- The Door of Hope.The Door of Hope is an organization located in Johannesburg, southwestward Africa t hat has a mission to rescue and receive any abandoned, abused or deprive babies and children in and around their city. They work to provide a temporary Christian home for all the children while seeking a forever family, suitable long term care or other permanent care for each one. The Door of Hope organization began in 1999, when the pastor of a small church in Johannesburg, named Cheryl Allen, learned that a high number of newly born infants were being abandoned.Cheryl realized that many of the young women abandoning their babies may have acted differently had there been an alternative. The church then made a baby bin in the side of the wall, where mothers could place their infants who would then be brought into the church and taken care of by the volunteers. When news spread, babies began being brought in by police, community members, hospitals and clinics. By having complete faith and reliance in God, the ministry has grown, and saves over 100 childrens lives each year.Because this organization is still relatively small, they only have a few fundraisers, but are working hard to get more activities and more people to raise awareness and support their cause. Their annual fundraisers are the Barnyard Fundraiser, a production that lets you experience the music and famous icons of the 80s. It is a fun-filled all night event of music, comedy and dancing that includes dinner. They also sell Door of Hope memorabilia at the entrance.Another one of their fundraisers is the Momentum 94.7 Cycle Challenge, which is a bicycle race held in South Africa for any level of cyclist. They ask that participants do their best to raise as much money as possible for the cause, and that they purchase a door of trust shirt to wear on the day of the race. The Door of Hope is a strictly Christian organization that fully believes and trusts in Gods plan. Therefore, there are many possible parables and Beatitudes that could be connected to Door of Hope, but it is the fifth Beatitude t hat I think represents them the best Blessed are the merciful, for they shall triumph mercy.Mercy is having love towards those that are miserable and those that need some type of booster or assistance. The merciful are those who are compassionate towards those who need mercy, and go out of their way to make the effort to help. Cheryl Allen and the volunteers at Door of Hope truly show that they are merciful by taking abandoned, abused and orphaned infants and children, many of whom are extremely ill or problematic. They spend their days tending to these young children to make sure they get the love and attention they need for no pay whatsoever, and are extremely humble about it.I believe that this is what makes them so merciful. They give all they have to help these infants, yet ask for zippo in return. The only reward they need is to see a childs smile, knowing that their life has been saved, and that they will now be able to live to their fullest potential. If someone wanted to support the Door of Hope Organization, they could either send a donation in the form of a cheque through the harness or by credit card over the internet. They could also adopt a cot, which is sending a monthly donation to provide a child with a bed and necessary supplies.A third option, which would be for the most dedicated of supporters, is to go volunteer at the organization. They accept international volunteers and will help pay for your travel and stay, but you must fundraise as well. The international volunteers have to be 18-60 years of age, will stay from 1-12 months and will help with the babies daily, on with other responsibilities. I think that the Door of Hope is a truly spectacular organization, and I hope that when I graduate from Highschool, I will be able to help as an international volunteer.In conclusion, child abuse and neglect is an extreme problem plaguing our society, and we need to help bring a stop to it. If not, the effects of this abuse will impact many a spects of our future, as well as damaging the lives of countless children and denying them of their full potential. Become an active member of your community, and when you suspect a child is being abused, do not hesitate to report it. You could be saving their life.

Public Speaking Self Reflection Essay

During the first week of class we learned about presentations and public lecture in front of people. At which each individual experienced skittishness and fear. As we gave our presentations each person was given a critique on strengths and weaknesses. I saw many weaknesses in my presentation and intend on working on finding ways to improve them into strengths.Some anxiety signs I observe were speaking too fast and moving around. I feel maybe I rushed the presentation and possibly distracted by my thoughts and material in my hands. I didnt have the correct mind set to calm down and speak clearer and slower. I involveed to get the presentation over with so I think I went in with the mind set of doing it fast. I think one way to work on that is take my presentations more hard and find ways to enjoy them. Looking at the class while speaking may also contribute to this, because they seemed just as disinterested as I was. I think that may have messed with my head a bit but I need to wo rk on ways to tactile property and feel more enthusiastic, that way the class can feel the same.What I hope to accomplish in this class is get rid of the anticipation and nervousness I get before and during speeches and presentations. Though I dont have aproblem speaking in front of people, I want the feeling to be second nature to me. Ways to improve that is practice talking with strangers and giving speeches or presentations in front of friends and family. If I cant talk in front of my friends and family, then chances are I cant do it in front of strangers.In conclusion, it was refreshing to get feedback from your peers in order to better yourself. A lot of times the presentation goes well in our head, or least we think so, but it doesnt quite watch out exactly like you thought. Having the kind of criticism is healthy because even though we practice, we dont notice things about ourselves, like body lecture or tone of voice. Practice doesnt make perfect but practice makes perman ent. If you practice wrong, you risk bad habits and risk doing it wrong.

Belonging: The Crucible

Belonging is a far-reaching yet complex idea that is powerfully explored in Arthur Millers The Crucible. It illustrates a variety of aspects of belonging, where it can be comp ard and contrasted with ideas in other texts such as Oliver Parkers film Dorian Gray and Oodgeroo Noonuccals poem We argon Going. These texts present ideas of power and isolation, which consequently antedate to individuals either belonging or not belonging to the community. Through the use of a variety of literary, film and dramatic techniques, the composers can accent and convey the corresponding (or differing) aspects of belonging found in each text.Power is an evident theme in The Crucible that suggests it controls the fragile town of Salem. As such, an individuals smack of belonging is influenced by Salems theocratic and authoritative government. The characterisation of unscathed allows the sense of hearing to realise this, as he immediately belongs and assumes a repose of power. Initially, Hale is the driving force of the witch trials, as he represents the theocracy, is educated and possesses books that are weighted with authority. This feeds his ego as the expert and demonstrates his ability to preserve power onto the townspeople.He also stresses that Theology is a fortress no crack in a fortress may be accounted small. This all the way shows that you either belong or dont belong in the community, and that those who get hold of not to belong do so at their own peril. However, Hales guilt grows throughout the play when he realises the bitterness of the accusations and metaphoricly describes his actions with What I touched with my bright confidence it died, and where I turned the eye of my immense faith, blood flowed up. This evidently shows the extent to which Hale can exert power and his consequent feelings of guilt.Ultimately, Hale questions his faith and removes himself from the sense of belonging fostered in Salem. His avouchment of I denounce these proceedings, I q uit this court emphasise his withdrawal from the community and decision not to conform. The same idea of power can be compared to Oliver Parkers film Dorian Gray, and suggests that there can be devastating consequences when one allows themselves to be influenced by others in assign to belong. Since Dorian possesses wealth, beauty and unremitting youth, he is a powerful but vain character.Being a newcomer, Dorian wants to belong and so therefore, he allows himself to be influenced by Henry Wottens hedonistic way of life. When Dorian announces Perhaps I should nail my soul to the devils alter, he contemplates the idea of conforming in order to sustain power and belong. Dorian does eventually follow Henrys example and becomes accepted by society. Parker also uses the technique of slow motion to emphasise this. When Dorian enters and announces Well here I am, time temporarily slows in order to accentuate his power and influence.Dorians friends, who are straightaway old and bitter, ar e awestruck by the sight of him. As such, his sense of belonging is heightened due to the admiration and acceptance he receives from society. However, Dorian eventually develops a conscience and recognises he has led a sinful life. Parker uses the motif of a deteriorating painting to demonstrate this. The painting reminds Dorian that he should maintain his own value and firstly belonging to himself before belonging to society. As a result, he realises the negative consequences of trying to conform and loses his power by destroying the painting as a sign of self-belonging.Isolation is another idea explored in The Crucible, suggesting that indivuals can face barriers to belonging, which therefore lead to feelings of alienation. Abigail and her circle of friends are the ones who feel the most loneliness since they are young and unmarried. This forces them to secretly rebel and dance in the woods. For Abigail, the need for acceptance is shown through her affair with John Proctor. Miller juxtaposes love and lust to highlight their differences. Abigails exclamation of You loved me John Proctor, and whatever sin it is, you love me shows her repetition of the word love.However, Proctor only uses lust to describe their relationship. As a result, the audience sees that Abigail is a character who is constantly rejected with a desperate need to belong. Furthermore, Abigails crying of Child How do you call me child emphasise her failed attempt at belonging, and suggests that the only way for a woman to be accepted in society is to be a wife. John Proctor is the gelid of Abigail and ultimately chooses not to belong. His words I cannot mount the gibbet like a saint. It is a fraud. I am not that man are metaphorical and signify his rejection of the Salem justice system.Although he believes he is unworthy of anything due to his affair with Abigail, Proctor eventually finds a shred of goodness in himself by maintaining his own values and choosing to belong to himself. His red emption is also shown through Millers stage directions. The drumroll crash and streaming sunlight in the final ikon contrasts with previous scenes and signifies that he has done the right thing by choosing to die and belong to himself rather than sign himself to lies. In comparison to The Crucible, Oodgeroo Noonuccals poem We Are Going also conveys themes of isolation.Similarly to Abigail, the Aboriginal persona faces a barrier to belonging. The alienation of which the persona feels is due to the white settlers and the consequential loss of culture and identity. some white men hurry about like ants is an example of a simile that suggests that the settlers are busy and stressed. This is a contrast to traditional aboriginal life, and shows the differing perspectives amidst the settlers and the narrator. Here, the juxtaposition of the two ethnic groups is parallel to Abigail and Proctors view on love and lust, and reinforces the idea of isolation.Furthermore, Noonuccal uses repetiti on, particularly with the word Gone to emphasis the confused feelings of belonging. Noonuccal writes The scrubs are gone, the eagle is gone, the bora ring is gone to stress the loss of culture and connection with the land. The poem also uses collective first-person narration to give the audience a personal understanding on the frustrations of not belonging. We are going are the three words in the title and conclusion. It implies that the aboriginals are not take in their homeland and will let go of the past and their old ways.This echoes the idea of belonging to ones self, which is found in The Crucible. Like Proctor, the aboriginals choose not to conform and decide to leave in order to preserve their individuality and self belonging. The Crucible exhibits situations where humans have the need for power and acceptance. These ideas of belonging (or not belonging) can also be compared in Dorian Gray and We Are Going through a variety of dramatic, film and literary techniques. Theref ore, these ideas are delicately communicated with a greater impact on the audiences understanding of the concept of belonging.

Life’s Dispute

It is interesting to explore the work of art of Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms. In the story, it gives the readers a sense of responsibility hand in hand with intense heat for someone that the protagonist has to his be loved. The blend of ones conviction and love are the focal elements in the authors masterpiece.As the author shed light to the intriguing scenario of the story, at some point, the readers would have passionate longing and at the same time a huge responsibility to his craft. It is indeed in this story that the author uses the realities of life which truly give emphasis to the norm of the story.Furthermore, A Farewell to Arms involves a great representation of ones ideals in life. On how the central grammatical case portrays his conviction all through come on the story is the essential part of this paper. The elaboration of ideals as well as realities of life will be presented in this dissertation.In lieu of the story, Frederick Henry is the exceeding character . Hes a volunteer ambulance driver which has a huge responsibility in the realm that he is into but at the same time, at the spinal column of his mind, he is thinking about the indifferent world. Accordingly, he does his work efficiently but along the way, he makes a gesture that he misses the point wherein the essentiality his work does not serve his persona anymore.In addition to the protagonist ideals in life, it was characterized in the story how he passionately fall in love with Catherine with whom he focuses his attention. The deep rooted feelings that he established towards Catherine truly leave a mark to his character and on the posterior part of the story, it was clearly shown how he infrastructure with his love despite the challenges that comes their way.Catherine Barkley was said to be the one behind the character of Frederick Henry. She was once loose her fianc. She met Frederick Henry in the hospital. They both got attracted with each other which lead them to have a relationship. Their affair was intensely depicted in the story which enlightens the very essence of A Farewell to Arms. Catherines character without a precariousness had a huge impact to Frederick Henrys character. She simply defines the perseverance of the central character by using their love as central element, I want what you want.There is no any me any more just what you want (Hemingway, p.106). The characteristic of Frederick Henry is not the serious type when it comes to relationship, I did not love Catherine Barkley nor had any idea of loving her. This was a game, like bridge, in which you said things instead of playing cards. Like bridge you had to pretend you were playing for money or playing for some stakes. Nobody had mentioned what the stakes were (Hemingway, p. 31). As Frederick Henry had an attachment to Catherine, his feelings transforms in a much deeper character of a man with conviction to his girl.On the later part of the story when Catherine had difficulty in he r pregnancy and to the extent that she looses her life with their baby, it expounds the strength in the leading roles character as he stand firm and with open arms accept the challenges of life. Truly, the world is indifferent in the eyes of Frederick Henry but because of Catherines contributions to his life, he became strong with a grip to love the life that he has.Rinaldi, a physician and a friend to Frederick Henry was one of the contributing characters in the story. Through this man, it draws a mental image of concentrated aim for the best. He focuses his attention to two things war and country. This man talks about medal of bravery and development in ones craft. Indeed, it gives the leading character to have a perception as regards to work as well as to excel in his field.Passini, another effective character in A Farewell to Arms delineates the intention of the story. Considering his character, his views in life was to quit with what he is doing.He wanted to end the war just like that because he does not regard anymore the imperative task he is portraying, One side must stop fighting. Why dont we stop fighting (Hemingway, p.51). Unfortunately, he died in the event of the story, and this accompaniment serves an eye opener to the protagonist that when you relinquish the struggle, you almost surrender yourself.

Auto Insurance Essay

They can serve to insulate you from economic upheaval in the case your elevator car is destroyed or stolen or fifty-fifty from bankruptcy in the event you are sued for damages someone sustained in an accident involving your car. The author guides the commentator through several key criteria which should be considered in an analysis of their take policy. A 12 page overview of the world of automobile insurance. Choosing adequate automobile insurance can be one of the near cost effective things an individual can do in this modern age.Not only can automobile insurance This 6 page motif provides an overview of the basic management strategies of the USAA insurance company. This paper considers the management perspective and strategy, as well as the operational function of the company and the increasing importance of restructuring principles for the company. premiums pare away a sizable chunk from an individuals take-home pay, they can serve to insulate you from economic upheaval in the case your car is destroyed or stolen or even from bankruptcy in the event you are sued for damages someone sustained in an accident involving your car.The author guides the reader through several key criteria which should be considered in an analysis of their own policy. 6 pages. The BMW M3 has been the subject of many articles and consumer report studies recently. Rating cars is not only that an annual task for automotive journalists but it is also a subject which auto enthusiasts look forward to eagerly each season. Did their favorite car groom it to the top? What did the critics have to say about it? And do these opinions agree with those who actually own these cars?This paper focuses on the BMW M3 in the sports car class. For those who own the BMW M3 it is likely they leave behind claim that hands down it is the best sports car they have ever driven. Although not all of the auto magazines rated the BMW M3 as number one, most owners will disagree. The BMW M3 has everything a driver wants in a sporty car. By looking at several magazine articles and talking to drivers of these well-made and handsome cars, it is easy to conduct our own survey. Bibliography lists 12 sources.

Use of Computer Systems

INTRODUCTION Computer systems are a very important part of our world today and are seen almost eitherwhere. It has got to that stage where computing device systems are a part of pretty much all we do. In this same sense, anybody who has no computer knowledge whatsoever would be regarded as an illiterate in full years to come and with this regard we can say that not having any knowledge of computers is like not attending a school at all. This article explains how and where computer systems are important to our lives and different sectors or environments.THE EFFECTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS ON DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS Computer systems are being utilise straightaway in different and dynamic areas which include Banking, industry, Education, Business, Home, Networking, games etc. Banking Computer systems play a major role in banking systems because even without being a computer literate or genius, a person can easily spot that computers are important in this sector because once a person st eps into a banking environment, computers are seen everywhere.But to be specific, computers are used for various tasks in the banking sector. a. The transaction task personal computers are the best for these kinds of job because they are used to record simple transactions that involve sending out and receiving money. These tasks dont require any big or super computers because even a little calculator can calculate. Personal desktop computers are mostly preferred and required because they are used to record these transactions as hale as storing them on an online server database. b.Administrative tasks the computer plays a major role here by being used to manage offline databases that contain human imaginativeness information that include number of staff, health benefits, salary, age, and sometimes being used to generate salary pay cheques unlike the old ways which included file paper documents which is harder and slower to locate when needed. c. Authentication purposes computers ar e used to instantly connect with other branches of the same banks every time information is needed. This makes it easier for customers to walk into any bank (asides their headquarters or where their account was opened) to make transactions

Critical Thinking Midterm Notes

Pseudoscience is where a get hold of is set forth as a actor for believing an separatewise deed of conveyance moreover that is either logi accosty extraneous to the truth of the other claim or otherwise fails to provide precedent adequate to(p) support. In this part of the course we be head start to examine rivalrys, or, stated to a greater extent accurately, would-be blood lines, where the great unwashed advance reasons for their beliefs that In position do non support them. thither are two mall types of pseudoscience those that call d arrive at to emotions and those constructed Like real arguments but impuissance In the indwelling task of providing real support.Lessons 10 and 1 1 pull up stakes examine extemporaneousness types that appeal to emotions. Lesson 12 pull up stakes study extemporaneousness types constructed Like real arguments. Beca engagement extemporaneousness Is delimitate negatively (what It Is non) It does not lend Itself to good categorization. The classification impinge onered In these lessons are not exhaustive and whitethorn overlap or fall to raptus precisely what has gone wrong In an argument. While we must concord a gross lyric poem to communicate active different types of pseudoscience, the head word of these lessons is to qui vive you to a deed of ports in which conceive fails.When you eat up finished this course, you may quickly for cast the many names and labels but remain alert to failures in argumentation. reciprocal Forms of Pseudoscience/Fallacies 1 . Smokescreen/Red Herring 2. The Subjectivist Fallacy 3. Appeal to Belief 4. Common Practice 5. Peer Pressure and Bandwagon 6. Wishful Thinking 7. die Tactics 8. Appeal to Pity 9. apple Polishing 10. Horse gag/Ridicule/Sarcasm 11 . Appeal to Anger or resentment 12. Two Wrongs Make a Right The above list is not exhaustive. Each will be explained In the abutting section. Definitions/Descriptions of Extemporaneousness Types 1 .Smokescreen/Red He rring Most pseudonymous Introduce Irrelevant considerations Into a watchword, but a smokescreen or red herring does not fit Into one of the more specific categories. Typically It Involves the deliberate Introduction of Irrelevant topic or consideration In put in to throw the discussion off course. Example Professor Conway complains of Inadequate parking on our campus. Duty did you turn in that last year Conway carried on a torrid love af bazar with a member of the side of meat Department? Enough said about Conway. Notice the change from the stoic of inadequate parking to the irrelevant topic of a torrid love affair 2.The Subjectivist Fallacy The social organization of this fallacy is That may be true for you, but it is not for me, position and matters of opinion. In the subjective world of pure opinion (for example, what I think of a cross movie), I am entitled to my opinion. However, in the objective world of facts (for example, the twenty-four hour period of the week), I d o not enjoy the analogous latitude. I am not entitled to my own facts. 3. Appeal to Belief The recipe is X is true because all(prenominal)one (many people, around societies, others) think that it is true. It is a distorted rendering of the reasonable practice of accepting the claim from a seasonable authority.Because people may in fact be experts on a subject, you must take grapple in distinguishing between good and no-account versions of this reasoning. For example, Physicians consider food senior high in saturated fat unsafe, is a good appeal to belief. On the other hand, Physicians consider overseas stocks unsafe, is a bad appeal to belief. 4. Common Practice is where an action is defended by calling attention to the fact that the action is a common one (not to be confused with appeals for fair play). It proposeks to Justify an action on the cubic yard of its familiarity or typicality.It differs from appeal to belief in that it specifically aims at calling an action ac ceptable, without keying the beliefs people may have about what they comm scarce do. The most common conformity of this pseudoscience is, Everyone does it. For example, Everyone cheats on their taxes, is used as Justification for me cheating on my taxes. 5. Peer Pressure/Bandwagon is a pattern of pseudoscience in which you are in effect threatened with rejection by your friends, relatives, etc. , if you dont accept a sure claim. People often act in a certain way because their friends do.A rood has often been move up behind a vista or consumer product, the victim of fashion. further this doings in itself is not pseudoscience. When you go along with friends or a mob to gain social credence, you are reasoning the right way about what will get you accepted, whether or not that acceptance is what is best. The phenomenon turns into pseudoscience only when one cites the peers or crowds practise as a reason for the truth of a claim. Voting for the most popular political chance i n order to feel at one with your community is, though unwise perhaps, not pseudoscience.Arguing that the candidate is the best one on the grounds of that popularity is pseudoscience. 6. Wishful Thinking Believing that close to social occasion is true because you necessity it to be true (or believing that it is false because you dont want it to be true). For example, I refuse to turn over that too oft exposure to the sun causes skin cancer, because I would have to give up my habit of sunbathing at the beach. 7. Scare Tactics is a pattern of pseudoscience in which person says, in effect, X is so because of Y (where Y induces fear in the listener). The emotion being appealed to is fear. However, you need to watch for the difference between Justified and unjustifiable appeals to fear. If you dont check your parachute before Jumping out of the plane, you may die is an excellent argument. But the pressing used by car sales somebody, for example, indicating that the deal offered is only available today usually involves scare tactical manoeuvres, the bring forth of fear in order to constrain a sale. 8. Appeal to Pity is where someone tries to induce acceptance of a claim by eliciting compassion or for attachedess.The appeal to shame works exactly aforesaid(prenominal)(p) a scare tactic, except for the different emotions at stake. As in the appeal to pity, this appeal becomes pseudoscience when the pity is irrelevant. Logic and Critical Thinking does not hold to the notion that you can show no pity and pity is not always irrelevant 9. Reason for accepting a claim. ( It also has less flattering names ) assembly line that apple polishing can take subtle forms, for example, Youre too in keyigent to believe in mental telepathy. Appeals to flattery have fewerer legitimate versions than the last two (appeals to fear and pity), but they do exist.For example, You should wear the gold sweater instead of the red one, because it brings out your beautiful eyes. 1 0. Horse Laugh/Ridicule/Sarcasm is a pattern of pseudoscience in which ridicule is disguised as a reason for rejecting a claim. It is a way to avoid arguing about a position by just now laughing at it. Support the Equal Rights Amendment? Sure, as soon as the ladies start buying the drinks Ha, ha, ha. bursting charge Lumbago relies heavily on this one. 11. Appeal to Anger or Indignation A pattern of pseudoscience in which someone tries to induce acceptance of a claim by aro use indignation or crossness.It obscures the relevant tax returns by arousing ones anger, particularly at some soulfulness or group. Keep in mind that expressions of anger ( bid emotionally charged language) do not by themselves birth something an appeal to anger or indignation. The appeal to anger or indignation counts as pseudoscience because it reverses the earmark relationship between wrongdoing and anger. It is one thing to get angry because you see something wrong being done but the appeal to anger tries to make you call something wrong because you feel angry.Most commonly, such appeals arouse anger against a person before getting to the specifics of the argument, quite than giving vent to indignation after sho lightsomeg that something wrong as been done, a common tactic in the rhetoric of politicians. 12. Two Wrongs Make a Right pattern Its acceptable to A to do X to B because B would do X to A, said where Ass doing X to B is not necessary to pr as yett Bis doing X to A. One Justifies some action that hurts another person on the grounds that the other person has done (or is likely to do) the same kind of harm.Because many people will see Justice in cases of returning harm for harm, this kind of pseudoscience is difficult to distinguish from legitimate reasoning. Two wrongs make a right is not identical with r yetge, UT applies specifically to those circumstances in which the revenging act is illegitimate. Responding to rude(a) service at a restaurant by telling your fri ends not to eat in that respect may be vengeful, but does not fall chthonic this category of pseudoscience. But if you slip out without gainful and Justify yourself on the grounds that the waiters were rude, you are engaging in pseudoscience.Unnamed Classify the pseudoscience in the following examples 1 . L cant believe the mayor wants to use the Police Department as security guards for our schools. While hes at it, why not have them collect our garbage? 2. Biker I refuse to buy Japanese motorcycles. I dont believe in doing business with Communist countries. Reporter But Japan isnt Communist. Biker Well to me they are. 3. Officer still me, sir. Do you know how fast you were going? Driver I never get over the mound of you mounted jurisprudencemen. How do you leap down off the horses back so fast? And you must have them well trained, not to run away when you dismount. . Dear Editors When AH Saccharin wrote in to criticize city workers, he didnt mention his occupation. Maybe hes a millionaire without a care in the world, hat he has the magazine to criticize people working for him if hes even a taxpayer. 5. Ladies and gentlemen of the Jury My client stands before you accused of three bank story, who will have a hard time getting food on their table if their daddy goes to prison. 6. My opposite would like to see TV networks label their programming, on the grounds that ruddy shows make children who watch them violent. But everyone knows a couple of shows cant change your personality. . I had to get a garage built last summer. Who wants to be the last person on the block to park his car in the open air? 8. There must be life on other planets. Imagine how lonely well have the universe if we uplift that were the only ones here. 9. Judge Cunningham keeps striking down our state gun control laws. She had better say good day to any hopes for a Supreme Court appointment, as long as we have a populist in the White House. 10. My opponent would like to see TV netw orks label their programming, on the grounds that violent shows make children who watch them violent.Next they wont allow any shows from France, on the grounds that children who watch them will become French. 11. Im a disabled Vietnam veteran. Why can I only get a six-month license to sell pretzels from my baby-walker? You have to be a foreigner with a green card to make a backup in this soil. 12. The United States is under no obligation to pay its debts to the United Nations. Here we are, the biggest contributor to the UN budget, and we only get one vote out of 185. 13. How can Moslems be opposed to alcoholic beverages? People have been alcoholism them since before the beginning of history. 4. Why do you take a bus to work when most people drive? 15. Give that woman a dollar. I see her on this corner every day crying. And she seems to be ill. 16. Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes my proposal. You know that I trust and honor your Judgment. Even if you do not sanction my reques t, I am happy Just to have had the chance to present this proposal to such dependent experts. Thank you. 17. Letter to the editor Your clipping expresses sympathy for Annie Larson, a putative fashion victim because animate being rights terrorists splashed paint on her mink coat.But when I think of those dozens of animals maimed and anally electrocuted to satisfy someones vanity, I know who the real victims are, and whos he terrorist. Answers to mould Questions 1. Horse laugh. 2. Subjective fallacy 3. Apple polishing. This also counts as smokescreen, but thats not the best answer here 4. Appeal to indignation. 5. Appeal to pity. 6. Appeal to belief. 7. No pseudoscience. The person wants to keep up with the neighbors, but is not asserting that a garage is a good thing in itself. 8. Wishful thinking. 9. Scare tactic. 10. Horse laugh 11. Appeal to anger and appeal to pity. 12. Two wrongs make a right 13.Common practice. 14. Common practice. 17. Two wrongs make a right. Unrepresentat ive Persuasion An attempt to win acceptance for a claim, but not giving reasons in support. Instead of reasons, devices in the claims themselves are relied upon, such as, affective language, positive or negative. Political campaign literature makes generous use of emotive language, with few reasons presented in support of the issues or candidates. For example, Copal, a conservative Republican support group, developed a directory of dustup to be used in committal to writing literature and letters, in preparing speeches, and in producing material for the electronic media.When writing about your own candidate r issue, emotively positive words (commonsense, courage, dream, duty, family, strength, truth, vision, liberty) are recommended. However, negatively charged words (betray, cheat, disgrace, failure, excuses, liberal, welfare self-serving) are used when defining your opponent. It is a valuable exercise for this class to examine some campaign literature. You may find some interes ting material on the web. If you do, share it with us on the bare board. Some words of caution Our writing should not be boring.An argument couched in emotive language is not necessarily false, but nuns the risk of adding more heat than clarity to the issue. Using the entropy in this section increase sensitivity to the difference between illegitimate unrepresentative persuasion and appropriate use of lively or emotively charged language. Slattern Linguistic device used to affect opinions, attitudes, and behavior without argumentation. I t does not necessarily mean that street girl mis spend, rather we primarily examine slattern to become aware of the shadings of language.Good arguments may come in slanted language, but such arguments should not be accepted uncritically. 1 . Euphemisms (good sounds) are words used as substitutes for expressions that may offend, for example, naturalization is substituted for assassination, freedom fighters for guerrillas. By substituting guerrillas with the emotively positive words freedom fighters, emotively positive words, you want to build support for them. Euphemisms are only when acceptable when they foster civility or diplomacy, for example, passing away as opposed to died when speaking of a recent bereavement. . Dismisses The opposite of euphemism is dismisses, that is, words are used to produce a negative effect or attitude. For example, freedom fighter is a euphemism for guerrilla or terrorist, term terrorist, a negatively charged word, is a dismisses. 3. Persuasive comparisons, definitions, and explanations are used to slant what they say. A persuasive comparison slants, positively or negatively, by linking our feeling about a person or thing to the person or thing we liken it to Her complexion is as pale as whale blubber, or Her complexion is like new travel snow. 4. A persuasive definition uses potent language when defining a term Abortion is the cleaning of innocent human life, or Abortion is a safe and eff ective reoccurred for relieving a woman of an unloved buck. To facilitate seeing an issue from all sides, avoid definitions that slant the discussion. 5. Persuasive explanations use similarly loaded language to tell the reason for an event He lost the fight because he lost his side or He lost because he was too cautious. 6. Assuming that every member of the class has the same set of characteristics All women are poor managers, or All liberals are fiscally irresponsible. 7. Innuendo involves the ingratiation of something derogatory She is competent, in many ways, r He told the truth this time, or Far be it from me to purpose that my opponent is lying. 8. A loaded oral sex follows the logic of innuendo, illicitly suggesting something through the very existence of the question When did you stop beating our wife. The secret to understanding loaded questions is to recognize that there are two questions involved. In the example above the two questions are 1) Did you beat your wife, and 2) When did you stop beating her. The loaded question illegitimately assumes a positive answer to number 1) and hence illegitimately expects n answer to number 2). 9. A weaseled is a linguistic method of watering down or weakening of a claim in order to spare it criticism. Words like may and possibly, and qualifying phrases like as far as we know or within reasonable limits, are some common examples of weasels afoot.Weasels, often used in advertising, suck out all the strength a claim to the point of saying little or nothing Three out of four dentists surveyed recommend sugarless gum for their patients who chew gum. . 10. A downplayed is a linguistic device to make something seem less important than it ally is Evolution is merely a theory, or using such words as however and although. 11. induction surrogates expressions used to suggest there is evidence or authority for a claim without citing it. For example, informed commencements, its obvious that or studies show. W hen writing seek papers be elaborate to cite your sources and avoid the charge of proof surrogate. 12. Hyperbole is an extravagant overstatement. For example, describing a hangnail as a major injury, or a teenager describing parents as fascists because of a midnight curfew. Note Is there a method for telling one kind of slanted from another? You will find that the distinctions are partial, often overlapping, and to some extent vague. The organization of slattern into types is meant to assist critical reasoning, not to exchange it with role acts of labeling.In order to arrive at the best name for the slanted in a given example, eliminate those possibilities whose very form gives them away A loaded question must be in the form of a question a persuasive comparison is a comparison persuasive definitions and explanations are definitions and explanations before they are anything else. If none of these categories fits the example, the slanted assuming there is one must be euphemism, dismisses, stereotype, innuendo, weaseled, downplayed, hyperbole, or proof surrogate. So, look for the obvious structural cues, loaded (emotive) language, and the intended effects.The process of elimination will lead you to the best description of the slanted. Exercise 9-1 Determine which of the numbered, italicized words and phrases are used as slattern in the following passage The big money guys (1) who have smuggled (2) the Rancho Vaccine development onto the November ballot will stop at nothing to have this town run Just exactly as they want (3). It is possible (4) that Rancho Venin will cause traffic congestion on the east side of town, and its perfectly clear that (5) the number of houses that will be built will overload the sewer system. But (6) a elegant number of individuals have taken up the fight. 7.Can the developers be stopped in their desire Innuendo, dismisses 1. Dismisses, 2. Hyperbole 3. Weaseled 4. Proof surrogate 5. No slanted in this instance. 6. Loaded question . See if you can identify the two questions involved. Exercise 9-2 Identify any slattern you find in the following selections 1. Its possible that your insurance agent misfiled your claim. sure he would not have lied to you about it. 2. National Health Care The compassion of the IRS and the expertness of the post office, all at Pentagon prices. 3. Well have to work harder to get Representative Burger reelected because of this little run-in with the law. . During populace War II, the United States government resettled many people of Japanese ancestry in impounding camps. 5. Morgan has decided to run for state senator. Im sorry to hear that hes decided to become a politician. 6. Ill tell you what capitalist economy is Capitalism is Charlie Manson tinting in Folsom Prison for all those murders and still devising a bunch of bucks off T- shirts promoted by Guns N Roses. Answers to Exercise 9-2 1 . Innuendo (bringing up the subject of lying while being able to deny that the accusati on is being made). 2. Persuasive definition. 3.Euphemism (little run-in with the law). 4. Euphemism (resettled, and internment camps), To statement avoids the fact that Japanese were force into concentration camps, not resettled voluntarily. 5. No slanted. You might disagree Give your input on the bulletin board or by e-mail. 6. Persuasive definition. Information Tailoring and the News One major way of influencing a persons behavior or attitude is select the learning one receives. In an open confederation it is difficult to dictate the information people receive. At the same time, if you get your information from one source this is what happens.The best way of defending yourself against unrepresentative persuasion is to be well informed and to read widely, using many sources. We get most of our information on a daily basis from the mass media BBC, CBS, NBC, CNN and the major newspapers. A newspaper professes to present the facts objectively. However, all information must pass thr ough the subjective mind, so objectivity is an ideal rather than a strict reality. The tabloids do not strive for the same aim of objectivity by checking their sources. The same can be said for many of the TV news magazine programs, which have grown in popularity in recent years.From the television stations point of view, they are an excellent source of profits, because they are cheap to produce and remain popular for a dwindling audience. Keep in mind that the media are private businesses and as such are in the business of making money. For his reason the media cannot afford to offend their constituents readers, advertisers, or the government, who provides them with licenses to operate or can make life difficult by withholding information, and the over zealous application of tax laws. Main stream views are promoted, while the disputable is left to smaller news stories.Most of the information is given to them in press releases from politicians, Congress, the White House, local pol ice forces, and local city halls. Companies of any size also issue press releases on a veritable(a) basis. A new source of information is the WWW. You might take the opportunity in this course of pickings a look at the web site of newspapers in other parts of the world and compare how a particular story is covered differently than in the U. S. Media. Also, peruse your local newspaper and billet where their information comes from.You may be surprised to see that much of the information is from other newspapers around the country and from UPS and other news wire services. CNN is a major news source for local TV newscasts. bear in mind of media bias, slanting, playing up and playing down of stories, sensational headlines, and the use of emotive language. Advertising Advertising is efficacious to sell products, sell political candidates and ideas, make announcements, and so on. It also is a major offender in engaging in unrepresentative persuasion. Ads often exaggerate, mislead and even lie.Some products are advertised so heavily that they skew choices. The psychology of ads is that they play on our fears, desires, prejudices and weaknesses. No expense is spared, and weasel words (fights bad breath, helps control dandruff with fifty-fifty use, gets dishes virtually spotless) are generously used, especially in the fine print. There re two staple fibre kinds of ads those that give reasons, and those that do not. All ads are guilty of suppressed evidence, that is, they never give you sufficient information about a product whether it be a commodity or political candidate (30 southward spots, for example).Ads will never tell you what is wrong with the product (for example, the commonly experienced mechanical problems of a particular model car). Ads give weak promises (your clothes will be brighter if you use a particular soap), use vague comparisons (good, better, best), and make illegitimate appeals to the authority of the rood (most people use the product) or to the authority of a particular individual (Steve Young in the ad for David). Ads that provide reasons, promise ads, submit reasons for buying the product. They tell us more than that the product exists, but not much more.Usually the promises are vague (Gillies gin lustrous more gin taste). So, even ads that present reasons for buying a product do not in themselves justify our purchase of the item. If I have done all my homework ahead of time and then see a particularly good price on an item in an ad, then I would be Justified in eying the product assuming I have a honest-to-goodness need of it. Ads invite us to think fallaciously, which we will see more about in the next three lessons. There is no substitute for the application of the skills of logic and critical thinking, especially a careful analysis of unrepresentative persuasion. N advertising. Exercise You might take a particular ad that you like and see how it measures up under the scrutiny of logic and critical thinking . Feel free to share your findings on the bulletin board Pseudoscience 2 Introduction Many of the common types of pseudoscience go by the name of fallacy. As a rule, Hess attempts at argumentation do not begin with a psychological response to an issue (whether relevant to the truth of the claim or not). In many cases -false dichotomy, slippery slope they follow the structure of a good argument, but hominian, the pseudoscience resembles a smokescreen.The speaker makes a genuine argument, but one that lacks a proper connection with the truth-claim at hand. The categories presented here cover the most frequently occurring kinds of pseudoscience. These occur so frequently, in fact, that the major terms have entered everyday spoken English. The pseudoscience covered in this lesson often assembles good reasoning more than the examples presented in earlier lessons. These cases contain few or no appeals to emotion or other psychological motive. Very often the fallacies listed here garble t he structure of a good argument, and may even be altered to become good arguments.Pseudoscience Types Part 2 1. Ad Hominid including Personal Attack, fine Ad Hominid, Sedimentation indisposing the Well. 2. Genetic Fallacy 3. Burden of Proof including Appeal to Ignorance 4. Straw Man 5. monstrous Dilemma including Perfectionist Fallacy and Line-Drawing Fallacy 6. Slippery Slope 7. Begging the Question. Each will be defined/described in the following section Pseudoscience 2 Definitions/Descriptions Ad Hominid Basic to the ad hominian (to the person) fallacy is the confusing of the message with the messenger.A claim or an argument is rejected because of some fact about the author or source of the claim or argument. The fallacy can take a number of forms, but they all share a confusion (often deliberate) between the truth of a claim under discussion and the person or group who put it forward. Since people may hold true beliefs even when their characters are unreliable, or when they belong to a group hat automatically holds those beliefs, the ad hominid run is pseudoscience. The most obvious form of the ad hominid is the personal attack.As the name indicates, it maligns a person in order to dismiss the persons beliefs there is something about the person who put forward the argument we do not like or of whom we disapprove. The circumstantial ad hominid attempts to discredit a persons claim or argument by referring to the persons circumstances rather than the claim or argument. This after becomes abusive, for example, Of course he thinks the economys fine. Hes a Republican, and they dont care about poor people. But abusive treatment to the group in question is not essential to a circumstantial ad hominid. My doctor says that homeopathic cures dont work, but thats what they get drilled into them in health check school. You may like your doctor despite saying this but though the statement contains no abuse, it becomes an ad hominid by refusing to consider the t ruth of the doctors opinion. A more complex form of ad hominid is sedimentation. The pattern is l reject your claim because you act as if you think it is false, or You cant make the claim now because you have in the past rejected t. In this case, one dismisses a claim on the grounds of the other persons inconsistency.Inconsistency does bring down a claim or argument , if a person is advocating both a truth-claim and its denial at the same time. For example, when I it wears down my organs, you can dismiss my claims on the basis of their inconsistency. One transmutation of sedimentation is where the contradiction between two beliefs reaches back to something a person said in the past How can you say caffeine makes people sleepless, when back in high school I remember you claiming it had no effect at all? Another more common variety finds an inconsistency between peoples statements and their behavior. You may say you are against drugs, but I notice you drinking alcohol everyday. Th e person may be a hypocrite, but drugs can be dangerous nevertheless. poisoning the well, another form of ad hominid, attempts to discredit in advance what a person might claim by relating unfavorable information about the person. Poisoning the well has the effect of giving anything else that person says an unreliable sound thus you may think of it as blanket ad hominid in advance. The fact that a person is on death row and committed many murders does not dismiss that persons argument against the death penalty the argument stands on its own merits.Genetic fallacy The belief that a perceived blot or deficiency in the origin of a thing discredits the thing itself. Strictly speaking, the ad hominid is a specific form of the genetic fallacy. It rejects a claim solely on the grounds of its source, its origins, or its associations. In conversation, the genetic fallacy may sound as broad as You Just think thats wrong because you were brought up that way. Burden of Proof A form of pseudo science in which the effect of proving a point is placed on the wrong side, or places the burden of proof more heavily on one side than it should be.One version occurs when a lack of evidence on one side is taken as evidence for the other side, in cases where the burden of proving the point rests on the latter side. Often a discussion of some issue can turn into a discussion of which side faces the greater burden of proof. It helps to have reasonable grounds for assigning the burden of proof properly. All other things being equal, the greater burden of proof sets with someone whose claim has less initial plausibility. Suppose one person claims that the earth is flat, while another denies it.This claim will strike most people as implausible, so the first person faces the greater burden of proof. All other things being equal, the greater burden of proof rests with someone making an affirmative claim, rather than with the one denying that claim. Be careful when someone defends an affi rmative claim by throwing the burden onto the other side, calling a claim true simply because it has not been shown to be false. This special variety of ruder-of-proof pseudoscience is called an appeal to ignorance (for example, God exists because no one has proved the opposite. Straw Man The Straw Man pseudoscience is where someone ignores an opponents actual position and presents in its place a distorted, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of that position. There is a deliberate distorting of an opponents position in order to make it easier to attack. A straw man fallacy typically involves a smokescreen, because recasting another persons opinion in distorted form amounts to changing the subject. At the same time, such faulty thinking can occur without any intent to

Automobile and Bumper Sticker Essay

Copy and paste the questions into the student comments section. Read the questions thoroughly. set the questions in a full and complete manner. Use complete sentences, including proper spelling and grammar. When you are assemble to turn in your assignment, add a check mark to the Submit for Grading box and in that respectfore select Submit. mental faculty 5 Laws and Rules of the Road Create a car saying (Bumper Sticker) or a Road Sign (Billboard) that would describe one main point you learned in Module 5. This is an representative of a bumper sticker from a former student Driving the right speed is always a good deed.Enjoy your ride and dont collide 1. What would yours say? SPEED. Do It Right & pull round A Life 2. How would it look? It would have a black background, the saying would have red letters, and thither would be speed limits signs around the words. 3. Now, write at least one paragraph (5 sentences or more than) which explains wherefore you thought this would make a great bumper sticker or billboard, and how it summarizes the information you learned in Module Five. Remember to use complete sentence answers and proper spelling and grammar.My billboard would be great because so many drives, whether they are young or old, are speeding causing unnecessary accidents, killing or injuring innocent people. More and more drivers are becoming reckless. To either just show-off or from beingness impatient.. 3. Now, write at least one paragraph (5 sentences or more) which explains why you thought this would make a great bumper sticker or billboard, and how it summarizes the information you learned in Module Five. Module 6 effectuate of Alcohol and Drugs Some day you might find yourself in a dangerous driving location because of drugs, alcohol, or extreme drowsiness due to medication.Talk to a parent or guardian around what they would like for you to do if you find yourself in this situation. Answer the following questions in one or more complete senten ces. 1. Explain three ways you can get home safely, without getting behind the wheel, if there are drugs or alcohol in your system. A. I would see how well I was feeling that day. B. I would see how any medication affected me before getting behind the wheel. C. call out your parents, call a cab, take a bus 2. Explain three ways you can get home safely if the friend you rode with has drugs or alcohol in his system and you prevent him from getting behind the wheel.A. Drive yourself. Call another friend to pick you up. Call your parents to pick you up. B. Get a taxi, get a bus. turn out walking it C. I would take the wheel and drive him home 3. What would your parent/guardian want you to do? My parent would want me to take responsiblity and drive my friend home safely. 4. Look up and list the telephone number of a local taxi or car service in your community. Include the company reference and telephone numbe 24/7 Yellow Cab Serving the 33157 Area. (305) 244-4444 A A A ward-heeler I nc Serving the 33157 Area. (305) 999-9990

American Indians Essay

The throng in a flash kn possess as Indians or Native the Statesns were the first people to live in the Americas. They had been living there for thousands of years before every Europeans arrived. The Vikings explored the east coast of jointure America around A. D. 1000 and had some(a) contact with Indians (Watson & Howell 1980). simply measure contact between Indians and Europeans began with Christopher Columbuss voyages to the Americas. In 1492, Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean from Spain. He was seeking a short sea route to the Indies, which and then include India, China, the East Indies, and Japan.Europeans did not then know that spousal relationship and south-central America existed. When Columbus landed in what is now cognize as the West Indies, he did not realize he had come to a New World. He supposition he had reached the Indies, and so he called the people he met Indians. Al intimately every Indian group had its own name. Many of these names reflected the pride of each group in itself and its way of life. For example, the Delaware Indians of eastern North America called themselves Lenape, which inwardness genuine people. Today, art objecty Indians refer to themselves as Native Americans.The first Indians came to the New World from Siberia, in Asia. Most scientists think they arrived at least 15,000 years ago. At that time huge ice sheets cover much of the northern half of the earth. The Bering Strait, which today is a ncursor area of water that separates Asia and North America, was substantially walked across by the Indians who were following the faunas that they were hunting. Much later this ice sheet melted and the land straddle became covered with water. By then, Indian groups had already spread throughout the New World, all over North and South America.These Indian groups essential different cultures because of the different climates and landforms in the regions in which they settled. Body Anthropologists, scientists who st udy man culture, classify the hundreds of North and South American Indian tribes into groups of tribes that are alike. These groups are called culture areas. some of the cultures of North America are the safety the Northeast, or Eastern Woodlands the Plains and Southwest. The Indians spoke hundreds of different languages and had umteen different slipway of life. Some groups lived in great cities and separates in small villages.The Aztec and the Maya of Central America built large cities. Some of the Aztec cities had as many as 100,000 people. The Maya built special buildings in which they studied the moon, the stars, and the sun. They as well developed a calendar and a system of writing. Many of the Indians of Eastern North America lived in villages. They hunt and farmed, ontogeny such crops as beans, corns and squash (Bains, 1985). Most of the Indians were friendly at first and taught the raw(a)comers many things. The European explorers followed Indian trails to sources of water and deposits of copper, gold, silver, turquoise, and separate minerals.The Indians taught them to make snowshoes and sleds and to travel by canoe. Food was another of the Indians important gifts. The Indians grew many foods that the newcomers had neer heard of, such as avocados, corn, peanuts, peppers, pineapples, potatoes, squash, and tomatoes. They also introduced the whites to tobacco. The Indians, in turn, learned much from the whites. The Europeans brought many goods that were new to the Indians. These goods included metal tools, guns, and liquor. The Europeans also brought cattle and horses, which were unknown to the Indians.The Europeans and the Indians had widely different ways of life. Some Europeans tried to gain the Indians ways and treated them fairly. But others cheated the Indians and took their land. When the Indians fought back, thousands of them were killed in battle. At first, they had unaccompanied bows and arrows and spears, but the Europeans had guns. Even more Indians died from measles, smallpox, and other new diseases introduced by the whites. As the Europeans moved westward across North America, they became a greater holy terror to the Indian way of life. Finally, most of the remaining Indians were moved onto reservations.Most daily activities of an Indian family centered on providing the main necessities of life such as food, clothing, and shelter. Men and women ordinarily had separate tasks. For example, both men and women were a good deal involved in providing food. But they did so in different ways. In some areas, the women gathered raging plants for food, and the men hunted. In the Northeast and Southeast culture areas, the men hunted, and the women farmed the land. In parts of what are now Arizona and New Mexico and in Middle and South America, the men did the farming. The women gathered plants.In all areas, women were broadly speaking responsible for preparing the food. Many Indians married at an early age, the g irls between 13 and 15 and the boys between 15 and 20. In some Indian tribes, the parents or other relatives chose the marriage partners for the young people. In other tribes, curiously those of North America, a young man could select his own mate. He had to convince the girl and her parents that he would make a suitable husband. In many cases, he offered them valuable gifts to win their approval. Throughout most of the New World, marriage was a family affair and not a religious ceremony.The boys family usually gave presents to the brides family. Many newly married couples lived with the girls family and the husband worked for her family until the birth of a child. then(prenominal) the couple might establish their own home. But they generally did not move to a new home in a new area. Many other newly married couples joined an breathing family group or lived close to unitaryness. Some of the couples moved in with other relatives of the woman or with the relatives of the man. Thi s extensive family shared with the daily work of the household, including the raising of children.Many Indian groups allowed men to have more than one wife. But this practice was common only among rich or powerful men. After a man died, his wife would oft live with his brother as husband and wife even if the brother was already married. Similarly, if a woman died, her family would probably be expected to give her husband another unmarried fille to replace her. Most Indian families were small because many children died at birth or as babies. Indian children were praised when they behaved well and shamed when they misbehaved. Only the Aztec and Inca tribes had regular schools.Boys and girls of other tribes learned to perform mens and womens jobs by helping their parents and older brothers and sisters. After most boys reached their early teens, they went through a test of vividness or bravery called an innovation ceremony. Many went without food for a long period or lived whole i n the wilderness. In some tribes, a boy was expected to have a vision of the philia that would become his lifelong guardian. Some groups also had initiation ceremonies for girls. A teenager who successfully completed an initiation ceremony was considered an adult and ready to be married. Food that Indians ate depended on where they lived.Indian tribes that lived on the plains of the join States, where buffalo and other secret plan were plentiful, ate mainly meat. Meat was also the principal food of those Indians who inhabit the woodlands and tundra (frigid treeless plain) of Alaska and Canada. The Pueblo of the Southwest and other farming groups lived chiefly on beans, corn, and squash. Potatoes were an important crop among the Inca. MacNeish (1992) stated that Indians in the tropical areas of South America made bread from the roots of bitter cassava, a small shrub. Tribes that lived lift water caught fish and gathered shellfish.Most Indian groups ate berries, nuts, roots, seed s, and wild plants. They also gathered coarseness and collected maple sap wherever they could. Indians made a kind of tea from such plants as sassafras and wintergreen. Many Indians drank a mild beer that was known as chicha. They made this beer from corn, cassava, peanuts, or potatoes. Indians who ate mostly meat cooked it by roasting, broiling, or boiling. Farming Indians and others who ate chiefly vegetables developed various methods of boiling or baking. They often made pit ovens by lining holes in the ground with hot stones. Indians preserved meat by smoking it or by drying it in the sun.North American Indians mixed dried meat with crap and berries to make a food called pemmican. Most Indians ate with their fingers, but some used spoons made from animal bones, shells, or wood. Indians built many kinds of homes because they lived in different climates and had different building materials available to them (Brandt & Guzzi, 1985). Those who moved around a great deal had simple shelters they could carry easily, or they built temporary shelters. Indians who stayed in one place built larger, more permanent homes. Some groups built large houses where many families lived together.Others had simple dwellings that housed only a few people. In some cases, shelter changed with the season. Some Indians in Canada built snow houses during the winter. But in the summer, they lived in tents made of animal hides. In the United States, these Indians are sometimes called Eskimos. In other areas, the Indians covered their tepees with animal skins or with tree utter. Indians at the southern tip of South America also used skins to cover shelters called windbreaks, which were open on one side. Some tribes of the Northwest made cloth of bark and reeds, and the Pueblo wove cotton cloth.The Aztec, Inca, Maya, and some Caribbean tribes wove beautiful cotton and woolen cloth. Indians in the hot South American areas often wore no clothing at all. In many tribes, a man wore only a breechcloth, a narrow band of cloth that passed between the legs and looped over the front and rear of a belt. Women wore simple aprons or skirts. Indians in colder climates wore leggings, shirts, and robes. Some wore sandals or moccasins to protect their feet. Travel by water was the most common means of transportation. Many Indians used bark canoes, which were light and easy to carry.Some large dugout canoes carried as many as 60 people. The Plains tribes used dogs and, later, horses to pull a load-carrying frame called a travois. Andean Indians used alpacas and llamas as beasts of burden. But these animals could not carry heavy loads, so the people themselves carried most of their goods. People often support a heavy load on their back with a pack strap called a tumpline. Indians of the Arctic and the Northwest Coast and some other areas hunted or fished for most of their food. They also hunted some birds only for the feathers, and they prized the fur of beavers and certain other animals.Indians in the West got most of their food by congregation wild seeds, nuts, and roots. Even in the Southwest and other farming areas, hunting, gathering, and fishing were important. The most important game animals of North and South America included deer rabbits and other small game ducks, geese, herons, seals, sea lions, whales, turtles, and snakes. Bear, buffalo, caribou, elk, and red deer lived only in North America. Animals that were hunted mainly in South America included the guanaco, jaguar, peccary, rhea, and tapir. Indians hunted with the same kinds of weapons they used in war.Many bows and arrows, spears, and clubs had special features for hunting. For example, some Indians used unsharpened arrows to shoot birds in trees. These arrows stunned the birds so that they fell to the ground. The Hopi stunned small game with a kind of boomerang. The Indians caught fish with harpoons, maulers and lines, spears, and traps and nets. Tribes of the Northwest Coast also used l ong poles called herring rakes. These poles had jagged points and could catch a bite of herring at one time. In tropical South America, Indians stood on river sand bars and crack fish with bows and arrows.Both North and South American Indians used drugs to catch fish. In one method, Indians sliced up certain plants and threw them in the water. These plants stunned the fish. Then the Indians could easily scoop them out of the water. Indians of the Northeast and the equatorial Forest used slash-and-burn farming methods. They cut down a number of trees and burned them. Then they planted their crops among the trunks. The ashes from the burned trees served as fertilizer. Indians in Mexico and the Southern United States raised turkeys. Wars occurred from time to time among the tribes of the Americas. But not all tribes took part in warfare.Many tribes opposed fighting, and others were so small that they did not have decent warriors to fight a war. Many of the Indian leaders who tried to defend their tribes and land against the white people became famous warriors. They included King Philip, a Wampanoag Pontiac, an Ottawa Tecumseh, a Shawnee Osceola, a Seminole Crazy Horse, of the Sioux and Geronimo, an Apache. The bow and arrow was probably the most common Indian weapon throughout North and South America. Some South American tribes put poison on their arrowheads. Many Indians fought with spears and war clubs (Steele & Galdone 1992).The Indians of eastern North America developed a special type of club known as the tomahawk. A weapon of the Aztec consisted of pieces of obsidian (volcanic glass) stuck into a wooden club. South American Indians used blowguns and slings. Warfare gave Indians a chance to achieve high rank in their tribes. On the Plains, it was considered braver to match a live enemy and get away than to kill the enemy. This act was known as counting coup koo. Warriors on the Plains carried a coup stick into battle and attempted to touch an enemy with it. Those warriors who counted coup wore eagle feathers as signs of their courage.

Cyp 3.2 Promote Young Person and Child Development

CYP 3. 2 Promote Young Person and Child Development Be able to assess the organic evolution needs of boorren and one-year-old slew and prepare a victimisation syllabus What are the close relevant factors to be aware of when assessing a child or young soulfulnesss development? All children and young people are different and pay back different needs. Similarly, a familys superpower to respond to and meet all their needs may also differ. In few circumstances, professional judging may be required to identify strengths and needs, to ensure that all children, young people and their families receive appropriate support.Assessment may take place in a wide range of situations and for a variety of purposes, for example A teachers assessment of a childs educational attainment at key heads of the national curriculum, to determine future learning plans. A paediatric assessment to ensure that a child has penetrateed the appropriate developmental milestones and to monitor progress. A Connexions personal advisers assessment of a young persons strengths and barriers to engagement in learning to provide feedback and demand. An educational psychologists assessment of a child or young persons special educational needs to identify their educational strengths and needs. A neighborly workers assessment of a childs home situation, to determine if they are at risk of harm. Each of these types of assessment has a cl beforehand(predicate) defined purpose and it is important to note that the social function and function of assessment may vary jibe to the context. Factors to take into consideration are Health General healthThe unhatched, infant, child or young persons current health condition (for example, conditions of relevance to an infant, child or young person, including growth, development, physical and mental well- cosmos). Also includes consideration of * health conditions or impairments which signifi whoremongertly affect everyday life functioning wheth er chronic or acute, including obesity unborn child is not developing adequately * access to and pulmonary tuberculosis of appropriate health services (by fuss in case of unborn), uch as those provided by a GP/dentist/optician, immunisations and appropriate developmental checks * shape and frequency of hospital admissions and accidents (of mother where unborn) * Access to and use of appropriate health advice and in makeation, for example, diet, sexual health and wariness of any health condition such as diabetes or asthma (where unborn, mother is following advice). strong-arm Development Physical Development nominates to the infant, child or young persons means of mobility, level of physical or sexual maturity/delayed development.Factors to be taken into consideration include * be well-nourished, being active, be and protected, gaining control of the tree trunk, acquiring physcial skills * vision and hearing * fine and gross motor skills including crawling, walking, running and climbing participation in football or other games mogul to draw pictures, dojigsaws etc. Speech, Language and communications Development The ability to communicate effectively, confidently and appropriately with others.Also includes consideration of * preferred means of communication * use of first speech communication * ability to gain attention and possess contact, access positive relationships, be with others, go on conversation * the impulse to communicate, exploring, experiment, labelling and expressing, describing, questioning, representing and predicting, communion thoughts, tonusings and ideas * listening and paying attention to what others say, reservation playful and serious reactions, enjoying and sharing stories, songs, rhymes and games, learning about words and meanings * vision and hearing ability to communicate meaning, enchant others, negotiate and make choices, understanding of others * language for communicating and thinking * linking sounds and letters * reading and writing * willingness to communicate * articulation skills and language structure * vocabulary and comprehension * fluency of speech and confidence * appropriateness of social and communications skills, for example, body language, excessive use of expletives or inappropriate language. Emotional and Social Development The emotional and social response the infant, child or young person gives to parents, carers and others outside the family.Also includes consideration of * the importance of being special to someone, being able to express feelings, developing healthy dependence, developing healthy independence * nature and quality of early attachments * self-harm or risk of self-harm * phobias or psychological difficulties fears or psychological difficulties such as persistent regret or tearfulness * temperament, coping and adjusting abilities for example, after experiencing domestic violence, bereavement or family relationship breakdown * disposition, attitudes and moti vation to potpourri.Behavioural Development The doings of the child or young person and whether behaviour occurs in a particular(a) setting or all settings. Also includes consideration of * lifestyle and self-control (including participation in heady activity and need for excitement) * behaviour in class or other environments where the child or young person comes into contact with their peers * whether undiagnosed conditions may be impacting on behaviour (eg. earing or visual impairment) * philia misuse (includes alcohol and volatile substance misuse and controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971) * anti-social behaviour for example, dying of property, aggression towards others, harm or risk of harm to others * sexually inappropriate behaviour and attempts to manipulate or control others * early sexual activity, unprotected sex, lack of reflection or positive decision making about sex and relationships * offending behaviour and risk of re)offending * violent or aggre ssive behaviour at home or school * attitudes to offending * over activity, attentiveness, concentration and impulsive behaviour Identity, including self-esteem, self-image and social manifestation The growing sense of self as a separate and valued person.Also includes consideration of * growing sensation of self, realisation of separateness and differences from others, recognition of personal characteristics and preferences, finding out what they can do * importance of gaining government agency by dint of a close relationship, becoming confident in what they can do, valuing and appreciating their own abilities, feeling confident and supported, a positive view of themselves * knowledge of personal and family history access to recognition, acceptance and comfort, ability to bring to secure relationships, understanding they can be valued by and important to someone, exploring emotional boundaries * sense of belonging, being able to join in, enjoying being with familiar and trust ed others, valuing individuality and contributions of self and others, having a role and individuation within a group, acceptance by those around them * race, religion, age, gender, sexuality and disability may be modify by bullying or discriminatory behaviour understanding of the behavior in which appearance and behaviour are perceived and the impression being created.Family and Social Relationships The ability to empathise and build stable and raw relationships with others, includingfamily, peers and the wider community. Also includes consideration of * stable and affectionate relationships with parents or caregivers * sibling relationships * involvement in helpingothers * age-appropriate friendships * crosstie with predominantly pro-criminal peers or lack of non-criminal friends * understanding ofothers and awareness of consequences * association with substance-misusing friends/peer groups.Give examples of how you can assess a child or young persons development in the follo wing areas. Physical development- When we refer to physical development we are looking at factors such as gross motor(which indicates large massiveness development such as walking or swinging our arms) and fine motor ( more than intricate movements such as picking up objects or writing). This is a relatively easy assessment to carry out. If we develop regular contact with the child or young person we can usually measure and view that individual on a weekly or bi-weekly basis. Over a short period of quantify it would soon become apparent if there was any cause for concern.We can also observe children as they play and interact. For example can they climb, skip, use a rope and coordinate their hand to eye movements. parley and speech development By speech we mean * The speech sounds children use to build up words, express sounds accurately and in the right places. * Speaking fluently, without hesitating, prolonging or repeating words or sounds. * Speaking with looking at and a c lear voice, using pitch, volume and intonation to support meaning. By communication we mean the way in which language is used to interact with others * Using language in different ways to question, clarify, signalize and debate. Using non-verbal rules of communication listening, looking, knowing how to take verbal turns and how to change language use to suit the situation. * The ability to take into account other peoples perspectives, intentions and wider context This can be assessed by observing the way in which a child or young person interacts with us, their parents or their social groups. We can also spend time with younger children by getting them to repeat words or get to short, fun conversations with them.When assessing them we can look out for any irregularities such as stutters, speech impediments or factors that may be affecting listening skills etc. Cognitive or intellectual development Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including rememberi ng, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. It was once believed that infants lacked the ability to think or manakin complex ideas and remained without cognition until they knowledgeable language. It is now known that babies are aware of their surroundings and interested in exploration from the time they are born.From birth, babies begin to actively learn. They gather, sort, and process information from around them, using the data to develop perception and thinking skills. Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her gentleman through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. Among the areas of cognitive development are information processing, intelligence reasoning, language, development and memory A broad range of assessment measures should be used to gain a in force(p) understanding of a pre-schoolers functioning (e. . , parent and teacher reports, behavioural observ ation, detailed developmental history, and play-based assessment, in addition to traditional cognitive tests). Social/behavioural/emotional development Healthy social-emotional development includes the ability to * Form and sustain positive relationships * Experience, manage, and express emotions * Explore and engage with the environment Children with well-developed social-emotional skills are also more able to * Express their ideas and feelings * Display empathy towards others Manage their feelings of frustration and disappointment more easily * Feel confident * More easily make and develop friendships * Succeed in school Social-emotional development provides the foundation for how we feel about ourselves and how we experience others. This foundation begins the day we are born and continues to develop throughout our lifespan. The greatest influence on a childs social-emotional development is the quality of the relationships that he develops with his primary caregivers.Positive and nurturing early experiences and relationships have a significant impact on a childs social-emotional development. We can assess the emotional, social and behavioural development of the children who are in our care by recording behaviour patterns such as temper tantrums, physical confrontations and playful interactions.. These findings can be recorded on charts and in diaries on a regular basis. Moral development Moral development focuses on the emergence, change, and understanding of holiness from infancy through adulthood.In the field of moral development, morality is defined as principles for how individuals ought to treat one another, with respect to justice, others welfare, and rights. In smart set to investigate how individuals understand morality, it is essential to measure their beliefs, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors that contribute to moral understanding. The field of moral development studies the role of peers and parents in facilitating moral development, the role of conscience and values, socialization and cultural influences, empathy and altruism, and positive development.The interest in morality spans many disciplines (e. g. , philosophy, economics, biology, and political science) and specializations within psychology (e. g. , social, cognitive, and cultural). Moral developmental psychology research focuses on questions of origins and change in morality across the lifespan Essentially it is the process in which children learn right from wrong, this is learned behaviour as a child will learn from its primary carer. We can assess what a young person or child is learning with regards to their morales by observing their behaviour towards thers. It is also possible to present certain dilemmas under controlled circumstances to that child. Example Who is Naughtier? Piaget find that younger children judge bad behavior by the amount of damage caused by a persons behavior. He would tell children a story with a moral dilemma. He would ask them to t ell him who is naughtier a boy who accidentally broke fifteen cups or a boy who breaks one cup trying to reach a jam jar when his mother is not around.Younger children attributed the naughty behavior to the boy who broke the most cups regardless of the other childs intent. This type of moral reasoning was called Objective Morality or Moral Realism. sure-enough(a) children attributed bad behavior to the boy who broke only one cup because his motives where bad. This, more advanced form of moral reasoning was called Subjective Morality or Autonomous Morality. Piaget did not feel that children fully achieved this stage of moral development before the ages of twelve or thirteen.Similar essay How Different Types of Transitions Can hit Children